Comprehensive Classroom Management Plan

Strategic Corporate Development History Of Cadbury Marketing Essay

Key Corporate Development History Of Cadbury Marketing Essay Key administration is the dynamic procedure of definition, usage, assessment and control of systems to understand the associations key aim. Key administration is a unique procedure. In this specific course work of key arranging module the organization which I have chosen is Cadbury India, an organization with an extraordinary advertising structure, vital arranging and with a solid incentive among the clients everywhere throughout the globe. Organization History Cadbury India The Company was fused on nineteenth July 1948, as a private restricted organization under the name of Cadbury-Fry (India) Private Limited and initiates business before long. Step by step the Company embraced at its own expense and obligation the advancement of cocoa developing in the nation. An authority cocoa warning assistance was made. A cocoa explore focus was additionally made along with seeding nurseries and dispersion focuses. Through its auxiliary, Induri Farm Ltd., the Company had set up offices close Pune to raise steers that would give improved yield of milk at financial taking care of expenses. Key Corporate Development History of Cadbury Inc . 1919 attempted a merger with J. S. Fry Sons, another chocolate maker which saw the joining of notable brands, for example, Frys Chocolate Cream and Frys Turkish Delight Cadbury converged with drinks organization Schweppes to shape Cadbury Schweppes in 1969 Cadbury Schweppes proceeded to gain Sunkist, Canada Dry, Typhoo Tea and the sky is the limit from there. In the US, Schweppes Beverages was made and the fabricates of Cadbury dessert shop brands were authorized to Hersheys. Triarc sold Snapple, Mistic and Stewarts (once in the past Cable Car Beverage) to Cadbury Schweppes in 2000 for $1.45â billion. In October of that equivalent year, Cadbury Schweppes bought Royal Crown from Triarc. In March 2007, it was uncovered that Cadbury Schweppes was intending to part its business into two separate substances: one concentrating on its primary chocolate and candy store showcase; the other on its US drinks business. The demerger produced results on 2 May 2008, with the beverages business turning out to be Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Inc. In December 2008 it was declared that Cadbury was to offer its Australian drink unit to Asahi Breweries. In 2008 Monkhill Confectionery, the Own Label exchanging division of Cadbury Trebor Bassett was offered to Tangerine Confectionery for  £58million money. This deal included manufacturing plants at Pontefract, Cleckheaton and York and a dispersion community close to Chesterfield, and the exchange of around 800 workers. On 19 January 2010, it was reported that Cadbury and Kraft Foods had arrived at an arrangement and that Kraft would buy Cadbury for  £8.40 per share, esteeming Cadbury at  £11.5bn (US$18.9bn). Kraft, which gave an announcement expressing that the arrangement will make a worldwide candy store pioneer, needed to acquire  £7â billion (US$11.5bn) so as to back the takeover. These are the fundamental vital turns of events, which occurred inside Cadbury Inc. till now. Cadbury Inc has taken major vital choice all through their activities however toward the end it is being taken over by Krafts. Previously mentioned are the vital advancements of Cadbury Inc. Cadbury India has applied both Corporate-Level Strategies just as Business-Level Strategies. Corporate-Level Strategies and business-Level Strategies of Cadbury India Presentation of new product offering named Star and Gems chocolates in 1967 and 1968 separately. After the transformation of Cadbury India from private constrained organization to open restricted organization on eleventh June in 1977, an understanding was gone into with Cadbury Overseas Ltd., (COL) U.K., on third May1977, for specialized administrations concerning new items and procedures. Cadbury India went into a concurrence with CSOL for the award of a permit for proceeded with utilization of the word 'Cadbury as a major aspect of the Companys corporate name. Mechanical permit for the squeezed apple venture was gotten and the task was dispatched on sixteenth September, 1980. On seventeenth December 1982, the name of the Company was changed from Cadbury India Ltd. to Hindustan Cocoa Products Ltd., ensuing to 60% of its offers being held by the Indian open. In 1985, Cadbury India investigated the conceivable outcomes of going into the matter of programming send out. In 1987, in chocolate gathering, the Company propelled new items, for example, 'Snap, 'Orange, 'Strawberry Krisp, 'Mello, and 'Natural life bar. In the nourishments drinks, the Cadbury India propelled 'Choc O Cheer. In 1988, the Chocolate division acquainted some increasingly new items with upper and lower parts of the bargains. In the food drinks region, a higher protein drink under the brand name 'Enriche was effectively presented. The Company expanded into dessert advertise and an item under the Brand name 'Touches. With impact from eighteenth July 1993, the Companys Ice Cream business involving producing game plans with two notable brands Dollops Lopstop was moved to Brooke Bond India Ltd. for a thought of Rs 1062.65 lakhs and a confirmation from the organization to Brooke Bond that they would not make or sell Ice creams for a time of 8 years. In 1994, The Company attempted a modernization and legitimization program at its Malanpur industrial facility at an expense of Rs 40 crores. In 1995, Perk was propelled from its Malanpur plant. Towards the end of1996, the Company has propelled another scope of sugar candy store, 'Googly, a trangy, bubbly organic product seasoned candy in Chennai under the brand name 'Trebor. In 1997, Cadbury India Ltd has propelled Truffle seasoned delicate focus shaped chocolate bar. The item was propelled in Calcutta, Mumbai and New Delhi during October with resulting dispatches arranged in Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and other scaled down metros in a staged way in November. In 1997, Cadbury India propelled its notable refreshment Bournvita in sachets. In 1999, Cadbury India Ltd has propelled another item, 'Pleasant Cream, under its sugar confectioner business. The sugar candy has been propelled distinctly in Mumbai. In 2000, Cadburys has presented Perk Slims, a slimmer variant of the wafe. The Company has re-propelled Perk, its chocolate-covered wafer; it has four new layers shrouded in Cadbury Dairy Milk Chocolate. Cadbury India Ltd. has propelled a scope of blessing packs for Diwali. The Company had gone into a Memorandum of comprehension on July fifth, to sell its enduring property at Colaba, Mumbai. Cadbury Schweppes Plc procures 39.34% stake in its Indian auxiliary Cadbury India Ltd. Cadbury Schweppes Pcl built up another wonder permitting its shoppers to characterize its image profile. Cadbury India tapping offbeat promoting channels like non-retail anchors to drive their market extension. In 2002, Cadburys purchase out of Pfizers confectionary brand is required to set a solid base in the oral delight class. In 2003, Cadbury has roped in promoting firm called Lemon to deal with inventive for its items allurement and milt treat. Cadbury India has dropped Carat India and roped in Madison Media for the media arranging and purchasing. Cadbury India tied up with BPL Mobile for SMS distributing administrations. In this manner, we can see from above practically all the corporate - level just as Business-Level Strategies are embraced by Cadbury India to grow just as to keep away from disasters. Cadbury India Cadbury India has utilized various systems at various circumstance. They have under gone mergers and procurement, buyouts, demergers, tie-ups, and so forth. Current Strategic Situation Cadbury India is a completely possessed endowment of Kraft Foods Inc. The blend of Kraft Foods and Cadbury makes a worldwide powerhouse in bites, dessert shop and brisk suppers. Cadbury India is right now the universes No.1 candy store and roll organization. Cadbury India is the universes second-biggest food organization with deals in around 160 nations. As of now, Cadbury India works in four classes viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy and Gum classification. In the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has kept up its undisputed administration throughout the years. A portion of the key brands in India are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, Éclairs and Celebrations. In the Milk Food drinks section Cadburys fundamental item is Bournvitta the main Malted Food Drink (MFD) in the nation. Additionally, in the cured treats classification Halls is the undisputed pioneer. As of late, Cadbury entered the gums classification with the dispatch of our overall predominant air pocket gumbrandBubbaloo. Since 1965 Cadbury has likewise spearheaded the improvement of cocoa development in India. For more than two decades, Cadbury have worked with the Kerala Agriculture University to attempt cocoa look into and discharged clones, half and halves that improve the cocoa yield. Cadbury lead ranchers gatherings classes to instruct them on Cocoa development perspectives. These endeavors have expanded cocoa profitability and contacted the lives of thousands of ranchers. The systems, which Cadbury follows, include: Fabricate a high performing association Reframe our classifications Adventure our business abilities Drive down expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ without trading off quality Ecological movement of Cadbury: Cadbury India deals with nature and enhances the nature of lives of the networks through an assortment of result-arranged projects. Cadbury plan to care for the wellbeing and security of our kin and limit the natural effect of our business around the globe. Cadbury India is focused on developing network an incentive around the globe. For our representatives, this is tied in with having any kind of effect in the network. Other effective systems adjusted by Cadbury to their brands include: The intelligent battle for Pappu Pass Ho Gaya packed away a Bronze Lion at the renowned Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for Best utilization of web and new media. The thought included a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile help, permitted understudies to check their test results utilizing their portable assistance, a

How to Conduct an Individual Psychological Assessment of a Job Candidate

How to Conduct an Individual Psychological Assessment of a Job Candidate As an employer, to hire, to promote, and to develop the best people for your business are perhaps the most significant decisions you would have to make. In order to make these decisions, you can conduct individual psychological assessments.First, what are individual psychological assessments? It is a tool employed to help companies make decisions on who to hire, who to promote, and who to develop inside their business. It uses an amalgamation of techniques to get to an understanding about a person and their personality, behavior, and capabilities. Typically, in a company setting, an individual psychological assessment has measures of leadership, personality, and cognitive skills that were developed and validated professionally. It usually includes an interview as well.The length of a psychological assessment relies on variables like the interview duration as well as the number of simulations and tests. In addition, the position level â€" whether it is a managerial position or an entr y-level position â€" can also affect the amount of time spent in a psychological assessment. Therefore, its length of time differs. It can take as short as less than an hour to as long as two days.In the individual psychological assessment process, there are varied roles available and different people accomplish these roles. To be more specific, tests that need pen and paper differ in requirements for scoring, administration, and interpretation. © Shutterstock | Stock-AssoAs previously indicated, individual psychological assessments are generally used to support the information on a job candidate gathered from other resources such as previous work experience, references, and interviews. Outcomes of an individual psychological assessment are usually taken as information to be further explored with the job candidate or even his or her job references.STEPS TO CONDUCTING AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTIndividual psychological assessments involve different tests, ensuring the make-up of a candidate’s personality traits, abilities, attitudes, and interests. Based on these results, you can assess whether a candidate is appropriate or inappropriate for a particular position within the structure of your company or to what level they meet the competencies you have defined for the position.Evaluation of the PositionBefore starting the individual psychological assessment, the assessor must know the specifications of the job po sition. Found next are the particulars that should be kept in mind when evaluating the position.competencies of the positionpotential challenges for the successful job candidatebackground of previous incumbentsteam culture of the positionculture of the companyanticipated short term results of the positionexpectations in the long-termprobable career path of the successful job candidateProfilingUsually, your company can use profiling to help you hire (even promote) people. This is important if you want to know if a candidate fits in your company and the position. Profiling is a professional and objective step that is important because there can be much variability during the interview process of the job assessment. Intelligence TestsIntelligence tests, more commonly known as general aptitude tests, were created to gauge the intellectual capabilities and cognitive aptitudes of a job candidate. Generally, we call this intelligence. This gauge may be an intelligence quotient or IQ or an intelligence score. This is a scaled score usually coming from many subtest results.As a whole, intelligence tests try to measure a job candidate’s intelligence. They would try to determine a candidate’s general capability to comprehend the world, assimilate what is happening, and apply it to regular life to improve its quality.After accomplishing the intelligence tests, a job candidate’s test performance is compared to significant populations. Their results are also compared with the results of other subtests.The importance of intelligence tests is to underscore the candidates’ strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, measuring a job candidate’s intelligence is important because multitudes of research have proven that this is the most accurate predictor of future performance. In addition, it says a lot about an individual, particularly one who has no significant job experience. This is because intelligence is more of a measure of potential, rather than a measure of what was le arned (e.g., an achievement test).Notably, the accurateness of intelligence tests actually improves if you go from unskilled workers to managerial or executive job roles. Furthermore, the accurateness improves even more when it is done together with a structured interview.Check your intelligence with this IQ test from Cambridge University.[slideshare id=33460247doc=iqtest-cambridgeuniversity-140413040744-phpapp02type=dw=640h=330]Skills TestsSkills or aptitude tests like decision-making, clerical accuracy and speed, computer commands, reasoning ability, customer service, and the like, offer a better understanding of a candidate’s probable behavioral response to a job position.Job Knowledge TestsThe job knowledge test is a kind of assessment that measures crucial knowledge that is required for the effective performance of a job. Usually, this knowledge is gauged by technical information. Note that job knowledge tests are applied for situations wherein job candidates already have a b ody of knowledge in their heads before they enter the application process. These are not suitable for cases wherein job candidates will have to be trained after they are selected.Personality QuestionnairesA personality test or a personality questionnaire evaluates the features important to job performance because this is a valuable prediction of latter performance on the job. In this case, the factors of a job candidate’s personality are evaluated frequently using work situations. These are extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, flexibility, agreeableness, and emotional stability. Interestingly enough, research has indicated that being conscientious is the strongest predictor of performance for any kind of job.Based on the personality profile of an individual, you can make inferences on how a job candidate would react, given specific situations in the job. Some of the tools that measure personality are usually a self-report inventory wherein the candidate responds to a couple of questions or statements about their preferred behavioral response. These are usually “right” or “wrong” answers. Case in point, a job candidate can be asked to answer whether the following are “true” or “false”: “I never tell a lie.” or “I prefer to work alone than in a group.” The patterns of the responses of the job candidate are subsequently compared to responses that are consistent for specific personality styles or personality elements. The comparison becomes a basis of potential behavioral response of the candidate.The most popular personality tests are:the MMPI or the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory or the MMPI-2, consisting of “yes” or “no” questions (as previously discussed);the inkblot or Rorschach test, consisting of inkblots on several cards â€" candidates simply give a description of the images and feelings when they look at the blots;the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, typically used to organize personality data in four scale s of characteristics in opposition â€" this can match employees to the apt jobs and help organizational communications, as well as design training programs; andthe IPP-NEO Personality Test, measuring the personality of a job candidate using five general personality categories and thirty subcategories â€" this   helps evaluate the ability of a candidate to be in a multicultural setting. There are some worries to the legality of the use of personality questionnaires to screen job candidates who will most likely be unsuccessful in the job. However, this is legal and accepted widely by the public. These personality questionnaires are not simply to evaluate job candidates, but to identify characteristics also for the best candidates in the future.Personality tests are important because one of its results is the ability to identify the natural tendencies in a job candidate that can be in harmony, neutral, or incompatible with the demands of the position, the team, and the company. Moreove r, no matter what the position in an organization may be, it is important that a job candidate show leadership capabilities, especially if you want him or her to rise up in the ranks.Particularly for executive positions, it is important that the candidate knows how to be responsible over material, financial, and human resources. Thus, when hiring for these positions, due diligence must be made to choose individuals who can stand by their decisions and execute their plans, while having care towards the company and its employees.InterviewsTo complement the different kinds of testing described above, the employer should perform an interview assessment before, during, or after the testing. This is so a formulation and testing of the hypotheses can take place on how a job candidate can react to particular job situations. By doing this, the employer can understand better the results from the testing process. It also provides the employer a better idea of the expectations of the candidate when he or she is in the working environment.This video shows how to test job candidates in a job interview. ?? Reports and Further InvestigationWhen the individual psychological assessment has been finished (with the usage of the different tools discussed), the employer is given a complete report of the findings. It would also contain evaluative critique or feedback, showing the importance of the information to the specific requirements of the job position.The feedback can also include advice on which areas a job candidate needs to improve on or where an employer needs further investigation or probing.Privacy ConsiderationsYou should consider that there are complicated issues included in this psychological assessment process in terms of privacy, confidentiality, and ethics, as well as who the owner will be of the testing. When you properly explain to the candidate the process and always get their consent, many of these complicated issues can be resolved or avoided.For example, once assessed, the reports on the job candidate can be submitted directly to the senior person at your human resources department or even the chief executive officer. This ensures the confidentiality of the information. You can also offer feedback to the successful candidates as included in the initial development planning. The feedback could be made available to the recruiting manager to aid in the on-boarding of the new employee.Last NotesBecause of the resources on your time and finances, the individual psychological assessment should be executed in the final stretch of the job candidate pool, after it has been limited to the last remaining candidates. Many companies evaluate at least two candidates for the purposes of comparison. Evaluating at least two candidates can offer you a back-up in the possibility that your preferred candidate rejects your job offer.In addition, by comparing two or more candidates with one another, you are leaving the company with more of an advantage in fi guring out their fit with the company culture and their prospects for development and coaching.Moreover, due to time and finance constraints, individual psychological assessments are customarily implemented for critical or high level positions in the company, wherein the risks of employing the wrong person are high.Lastly, employers conducting individual psychological assessments must take into consideration the following practices and precautions.Do not use the assessments as the only criteria to hire a job candidate.Prevent using tests that would need an evaluation by a psychiatrist, a psychologist, or a social worker.Go through the tests to guarantee that they do not have something on psychological diagnostics. It should not factor in the finding of a specific mental or psychological disorder.Make sure that the tests are valid statistically and reliable â€" that they have no ethnic and cultural bias.Employ tests that are of necessity to your business and are job-related.Administe r tests in a standardized manner. This would guarantee that all applicants are assessed similarly.Examine the test results to guarantee that there is not an incongruent effect on particular groups.Do active steps to make sure that test responses are confidential.Talk to an advisor or a lawyer that has expertise in assessments before you administer the testing. You as an employer must follow federal requirements, including more requirements by the state where the test is taking place.UPSIDES AND DOWNSIDES TO INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTUpsidesCompared to other job candidate screening and assessment methods, the main upside of individual psychological assessments is that it can easily access information.Another upside is that it can offer a job candidate feedback and critique that is more detailed and development-oriented, as meant for the new position. Nevertheless, development-oriented critique is more often than not optional and not always given.The information gathered from the individual psychological assessment can also aid the manager of the job candidate to gain a better understanding on coaching and mentoring the new employee. Nonetheless, based on the policy of your company, the evaluation information gathered from the assessment may or may not be offered to the immediate supervisor.DownsidesThe main downsides of individual psychological assessments are the costs and time involved in the assessment. In addition, the assessment could alienate or displease some job candidates who do not have full knowledge of the process or who do not view it as important in the decision-making process.There is also a caveat. Because of the complicated nature of persons and work environments, you will not be able to foresee with absolute precision how successful a job candidate be with the position. Although individual psychological assessments can help and improve predictions, how an employee actually performs in the workplace depends on his/her:particular skills from past work and/or training;support from company resources to finish tasks; andpersonal motivation in order to use capabilities and skills.

Nutrition Course. Overview. When One Does Masters Of Science

Nutrition Course Overview When one does Masters of Science in Nutrition program as a candidate they are become more equipped in the field of nutrition both theatrically and practically. As a result, by the time someone who has been doing such a course is graduating, they usually have developed both intervention skills and programming capabilities which are in line with nutrition. Also, they are in a position to develop any program that is related to nutrition and implement the same. Such a program is important because it provides a balance that should be there in the principles of nutrition. This masters course is designed for different people who include health professionals in this field, those people who have recently graduated and who†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Understand and explain any results of research in clinical filed and as a result be able to make inflamed decisions. †¢ Evaluate and Understand developing patterns in the field of nutrition †¢ Prepare and carry out an in depth research on an upcoming issue in the field of nutrition. †¢ Based on the assessment carried out in nutrition, be able to predict to the client a health related issue. †¢ Explore behaviors in nutrition that help in promoting and supporting healthy lifestyles. Apart from the required studies in this field, other areas that students must have completed courses in are; †¢ Introductory nutrition †¢ Life cycle nutrition †¢ Medical nutrition therapy †¢ Biochemistry †¢ Statistics Courses In graduate level The Master of Science in Nutrition program has the following courses: Nutrition Courses Core Courses --25 Credits †¢ CHEM310 Advanced Biochemistry (4) †¢ NUT420 Advanced Nutrition (4) †¢ NUT430 Nutrition Assessment (4) †¢ NUT450 Nutrition Research (4) †¢ NUTB 316 - Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy NUT360 Current Trends (3) NUTB 474 Community Nutrition (3) †¢ NUT490 Capstone project (3) Electives --choose 15 Credits NUTB 242 - Obesity and Energy Regulation NUTB 241 - Nutrition and Aging NUTB 219 - Food Science Fundamentals NUTB 208 - Management of Health and Nutrition NGO s NUTB 227 - Global Nutrition Programs NUTB 243 - Nutrition, Brain and Behavior NUTBShow MoreRelated‚Äà ºa Contemporary View on Health Care System in Bangladesh.‚Äà ¹14806 Words   |  60 Pagestoday’s world of globalization Thiland is seeking to encourage â€Å"health tourist† to its country under the banner of ‘Thailand: Centre of Excellent Health Care of Asia’, India is building an e-health industry and Singapore is building hospitals abroad. When scenarios are like that where the health sector of Bangladesh ? Here we try to get a idea about what is the real scenario of various related issues like access to health-relate knowledge and technology, the provision of new hospital and aliened healthRead MoreTravel and Tourism Administration Program Structure20692 Words   |  83 PagesAND TOURISM ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM STRUCTURE No. Course name and number Contact hours per week Number of credit units per semester SEMESTER ONE Compulsory subjects: 1 TOU 111 – Introduction to Tourism 3 3 2 TOU 115 – Fares Ticketing I 3 3 3 TOU 117 – General Travel Knowledge I 3 3 4 ENG 121 – The Technique of Writing and Language Studies 3 3 5 COM 103 – Computer Fundamentals I 3 3 Electives: One of the following three 6 CYP 111- Cyprus History Read MoreSSD2 Module 3 Notes22142 Words   |  89 Pagesto perform the task instinctively, regardless of the conditions, is the desired level of proficiency. 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These domainsRead MoreThe RPM Life Planner System Software18697 Words   |  75 Pagesyourself new questions. Once you know the results you are after, how to achieve them becomes immediately clear. Anthony Robbins RPM Life Plannerâ„ ¢ Life Management System Software is unlike any scheduling software you might have seen before. Not only does it give you many of the functions you expect from scheduling software, it gives you functions you would only expect from a sophisticated projectplanning system. Here s what the RPM Life Plannerâ„ ¢ can help you do: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Turn any idea into realityRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesCritical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.  ©1998-2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beachams Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: Social Concerns, Thematic Overview, TechniquesRead MoreThemes Of Development : Prenatal6705 Words   |  27 Pages Week One: Themes in Development: Prenatal Physical: Physical development of the human begins at conception when the egg is fertilized by the sperm. Once the ovum is fertilized, the process of mitosis begins, allowing the cells to split and form the human being. Through this process, each parent contributes 23 chromosomes, which are present in every cell of our bodies, and are made up of DNA and genes (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). The genes that we inherit from our parents determine our physicalRead MoreNanotech 1AC Essay13565 Words   |  55 Pagesï » ¿1AC Version 1.0 Observation 1: SQ Observation One: The Status Quo First, Nano Development in Mexico is on the rise – it’s unregulated and risks spinning out of control Inter Press Service 2k12 (Tierramà ©rica, â€Å"MEXICO: Scientists Call For Regulation of Nanotechnology,† 03/12/2012, http://www.tierramerica.info/nota.php?lang=engidnews=3920olt=568, AC) MEXICO CITY, Mar 12 (Tierramà ©rica).- Nanotechnology, which is currently unregulated in Mexico, could pose serious threats to human healthRead MoreTrends in Hotel Industry13993 Words   |  56 Pagesmajority of travelers now prefer Green and Eco lodgings. Recent surveys by trade associations such as Partnership Travel Industry Association and online retailers like Yahoo revealed that nearly seventy percent of the tourists are willing to pay extra when it comes to environmental friendly lodgings. These surveys further revealed that these guests will pay anywhere from nine to ten percent premium on the already advertised prices. What can be stated as a welcome relief for the educated traveler mightRead MoreIBM10585 Words   |  43 PagesTime Recording Co. The firms joined forces to emerge as one entity incorporated in the state of New York. C-T-R is the precursor of what would become International Business Machines Corporation (Business and Company Resource Center). In the beginning of the company s history, they sold time recording equipment, punch cards, mechanical keypunches, vertical sorters, and tabulators (Ibid). The company first used the name IBM in 1917 when they entered the Canadian market. At this time they had over

Essay on The Life-Span Developmental Approach to Counseling

The life-span development approach addresses the basic nature versus nurture debate by allowing for both. Just as our physicals selves are determined by both genetics and lifestyle, so are our emotional selves. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I plan to consider life-span development to specialize in counseling a specific type of person with hopes of becoming well-versed, and therefore more helpful, in the types of experiences that group faces. â€Å"Personality can be better understood if it is examined developmentally† (Santrock, 2006, p. 45). Considering cognitive, biological, and socioemotional development throughout life will provide context, guideposts, and reasonable expectations for counselors. Life-span development theories also†¦show more content†¦Author Judith Harris theorizes that heredity and peer environment are the sole factors in a person’s development, and therefore parents have no affect on the development of their children. The life-span perspective should probably make room for familial environment: family of origin and family of choice. Assuming Harris is correct, a life-span approach to counseling will allow that children and spouses do influence an adult’s development. Environmental factors on a micro level feature the nuclear family; macro-level factors can include social mores, regional cultural norms, and even national identity. Santrock points out that each of these factors â€Å"influences our understanding of children and adults and informs our decisions as a society about how they should be treated† (2006, p. 9). A counselor can guide a person to examining the correlation between environment and societal attitudes, and then the impact on his or her own development. Providing a social support such as counseling from a life-span perspective must include physical context. Age is an obvious, but significant, biological concern. Erikson’s theory of development defines periods throughout our lives by eight common crises. The stages continue until death, although each stage has an optimal time (Boeree, 1997, par. 27). Familiarity with each stage’s crisis is the foundation of counseling from a life-span development perspective. Focusing on one stage’s crisisShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Life-Span Developmental Approach to Counseling1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe life-span development approach addresses the basic nature versus nurture debate by allowing for both. Just as our physicals selves are determined by both genetics and lifestyle, so are our emotional selves. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I plan to consider life-span development to specialize in counseling a specific type of person with hopes of becoming well-versed, a nd therefore more helpful, in the types of experiences that group faces. 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The Count of Monte Cristo Free Essays

Albert, Franz and the Count of Monte Cristo John D. Rockefeller once said, â€Å"A friendship founded on business is better than a business founded on friendship† (http://www. brainyquote. We will write a custom essay sample on The Count of Monte Cristo or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/). In the book The Count of Monte Cristo, a novel written by Alexandre Dumas, a man by the name of Edmond Dantes is wrongfully accused by his so called â€Å"friends† and is put in the dreadful prison, Chateau d’If. After his good pal Abbe Faria dies, he escapes and finds a treasure, with the money he swears to get revenge in the most painful way possible, all are going down. When he is out of prison he makes his way to Carnival in Rome, Italy, there he meets Albert and Franz; through that time period many opinions formed about one another and gave them the opportunity to form what Albert and Franz thought was a friendship. Albert certainly had a first impression and an opinion formed of the Count, but after the Count saved his life he felt the need to repay him for his gratitude. â€Å"That is what I should call assaulting us with politeness. Signor Pastrini, your Count of Monte Cristo is a very gentlemanly fellow† (Dumas 186). Albert has the first impression that the Count is very gracious and kind. The way the servant conducted the Count made him seem like a perfect gentleman. â€Å"‘You are really a most valuable friend, and I hope you will consider me as eternally obliged to you in the first place for the carriage and now for this service[of saving his life from the Italian gangsters]† (Dumas 213). He cannot be more thankful for all that the Count has done for him. â€Å"‘†¦ I owe you my life†¦. My father, the Count of Morcerf, who is of Spanish origin, holds a high position both in France and in Spain, and he and all who love me will be only too Gates 2 pleased to be of any service to you’ (Dumas 215). His life flashed before his eyes and giving him that type of respect was the least he could do for the Count. Albert always looked at the Count in a positive light. Franz had his doubts but certainly they turned positive. â€Å"‘It seems to me that if this man is as well-mannered as our host says he is, he would have conveyed his invitation to us in some other way, either in writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dumas 186). Franz was very iffy about meeting him because he thought that he was not the best man to be seen with. From what he saw at the Colosseum, the Count seemed dangerous. ‘I think he is a charming man who does the honors of his table to perfection; a man who has seen much, studied much, and thought much; who, like Brutus, belongs to the school of the stoics, and who possesses most excellent cigars† (Dumas 193). After getting through that trust barrier, he felt as if the Count was like royalty. â€Å"‘†¦ all but eight hundred piasters. ’ The Count went to his desk, opened a drawer filled with gold and said: †¦ ‘Thank you. Take what you please. ’† The Count gave Franz what he needed to pay the ransom to get Albert back from the Italian gangsters. Franz at first had issues with the Count but later really trusted the Count; enough to consider him a friend of his. During the Carnival in Rome, Italy, the Count meets Albert and Franz. First impressions and opinions were shaped about one another and gave them the chance to create what Albert and Franz would think was a friendship. Aristotle said, â€Å"Friendship is a single soul dwelling in two bodies† (http://www. brainyquote. com/). Gates 3 Works Cited BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 14 May 2012. Dumas, Alexandre. The Count of Monte Cristo. New York: Modern Library, 1996. Print. How to cite The Count of Monte Cristo, Essay examples The Count of Monte Cristo Free Essays To seek vengeance is to inflict injury, harm, and humiliation, on a person by another who has been harmed by that person. In the movie The Count of Monte Cristo, Edmond seeks revenge on Fernand Mondego for many reasons. All of which were justified because of the horrible treatment Edmond received while he was in prison. We will write a custom essay sample on The Count of Monte Cristo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not only did that make Edmond angry, but also when he found out the Fernand Mondego had married his wife to be only 1 month after being locked away. Being that they were friends once before made it that much harder for Edmond to believe everything that Fernand had done to him behind his back. There were lots of lies, betrayal, and false hoods as to why Edmond was even sent to prison. Throughout the whole movie everyone was told that he was dead. Edmonds approach to become revengeful toward Fernand might be criticized because many believe that vengeance has no justification no matter how the other person has harmed you. If society is not going to retaliate against a crime on your behalf it is not okay to take matters into your own hands. Most people would say that it would all depend on the situation, but I think that there is no situation that is so severe to where there would be justification for those actions. The Golden Rule states to do unto others as you would have them do to you. If you are treated wrongfully it does not give you the right to turn around and do the same or worse back to them. Otherwise the cycle will keep going in a circle and people will get hurt and they will get nowhere in life with that thought process. Before someone seeks vengeance they need to think about the utilitarianism theory which states that everyone should perform that act or follow that moral rule which will bring about the greatest good for everybody. Paying someone back for a wrong doing that they did to you is not moral or ethical at all under any circumstances. Stating that revenge and retributive have similarities would be a true statement. Revenge is the exact punishment or amends for a wrong on behalf of, especially in a resentful or vindictive spirit. Whereas retributive theory states that punishment should be given only when it is deserved and only to the extent that it is deserved, is concerned with the past rather than the future. It is also stated that punishment should be imposed by some person or group that has â€Å"duty constituted† moral or legal authority. Both are a form of punishment, but retributive is a type of punishment that has to be imposed by a legal authority. Revenge is an act of punishment but not by a legal authority. It is imposed on a person who has wrong someone else whether it was intentional or not. Overall revenge is a highly debated topic that everyone has their own opinions on. It is something that is frowned upon in many circumstances. Hurting someone because they have mistreated you is not the answer. The statement an eye for an eye and tooth for and a tooth for a tooth could be an extreme when murder is the circumstance. To each his own opinion, but I think that no matter the circumstance there is never justification for revenge. How to cite The Count of Monte Cristo, Papers The Count of Monte Cristo Free Essays Bonaparte plot has been discovered,† Violator continued. PEG. 29 Edmond has been accused of a planning a Bonaparte plot. We will write a custom essay sample on The Count of Monte Cristo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since that is the case he will not be going home at all because this was a serious matter. Chi. 6: Violator went to the fire, threw the letter into the fire, threw the letter into the flames, and remained watching it until it was reduced to ashes. PEG. 36 This is foreshadowing Edmonds other enemy because instead of setting him free he is getting rid of the evidence that might be able to set him free. Chi. 7: Dante got up and quite naturally looked in the direction he boat was moving. Before him, at a distance of a hundred fathoms, rose the black, steep rock on which stood the frowning Chateau dif. PEG. 40 Edmond is realizing that he is heading to the most feared prison and that what he has been accused of is far beyond anything he has ever been apart of. Chi. 8: He was astonished at her beauty and dignity, and when she asked him what had become of him whom she loved he felt as though he were the culprit and she his Judge. PEG 45 Mercedes has such great beauty that it is making Violator regret sending Edmond away to his doom. Chi. : â€Å"Sire,† Violator answered, â€Å"l will give your majesty a faithful report. I have come to Paris with all speed to inform Your Majesty that, in the exercise of my duties, I have discovered a conspiracy; not one of those every day, meaningless, vulgar plots of the lower classes of our people, but a veritable tempest which threatens Your Majesty very throne. PEG. 50 What Violator is reporting to the King is foreshadowing the fall of the Kings throne because he is reporting to him false accusations. Also those of which he is accusing are innocent. Chi. 10: The King detached the cross of the Legion f Honor which he usually wore on his blue coat and giving it to Violator said: â€Å"In the meantime take this cross. PEG. 54-55 This shows that Violator has won over the trust of the King. The King is also realizing that he is going to be taken over. Chi. 11: As for Dante, he remained a prisoner; hidden away in the depths of his dungeon he was ignorant of the downfall of Louis Xviii throne and the re-establishment of Napoleon. PEG. 56 This quote has is showing how E dmond is so lost into the depths of prison that he has little hope of knowing what is going on and that if he ever get out he will Have o idea of anything that has taken place. Chi. 12: Nearly four years had passed since he had taken this resolution; at the end of the second year he ceased to count the days. PEG. 60 Edmond had taken a resolution to kill himself of starvation but he could not do it. This is foreshadowing that he will live through prison and escape or be let out. Chi. 13: Dante threw himself into the arms of his new friend, for whom he had waited so impatiently and so long, and drew him toward the window that the little light that penetrated into his cell might reveal his features. PEG. 7 Edmond has not en anyone except the gallery and to meet someone who has the same objective as him which is to escape from their wretched prison cells excites him and it gives him hope. Chi. 14:† Now, my dear friend,† Farina continued, looking at Dante with an almost paternal expression, â€Å"you know as much as I do; if we ever escape together half of my treasure is yours; if I die here and you escape alone the whole of it belongs to you. † PEG. 90 Farina now trusts Edmond and has told him about the treasure he wishes to obtain when he gets out of prison which he needs Edmonds help. Chi. 1 5: There is no hope,† Farina replied, shaking his head. â€Å"Oh, yes, yes! † exclaimed Dante, â€Å"l tell you I shall save you! † PEG. 93 Farina knows his death is coming by the fatal third attack and he is accepting it. Edmond does not want the death of his friend who is to help him escape so he does not want to except that fact that there is nothing he can do. Chi. 16: He had eaten nothing since the previous evening, but he had not thought of his hunger in the mourning, neither did he think of it now. This quote shows that Edmond is very determined to carry out his escape plot that nothing is phasing him to even hunger. Chi. 17: They would have to find some neutral ground where an exchange could be made, and then endeavor to land the goods on the coast of France. PEG. 108 This is foreshadowing that Edmond is going to finally be able to step foot in the Isle of Monte Crisis and that he will be able to find hid treasure. Chi. 18: Edmond opened his eyes, complained of a sharp pain in his knee, a feeling of heaviness in his head, and unbearable pain in his back. PEG. III Edmond has hurt himself in order to be able to be alone on the island to retrieve his treasure. Chi. 19: After he had touched, fingered, ride his trembling hands in the gold and precious stones, Edmond rose and rushed through the caves like a man seized with a frenzy. PEG. 116 Edmond has found the treasure he has been longing for and he is now very exciting and can’t wait for the ship to come back and get him. Chi. 20: He had quite expected to hear of his farthest death, but what had become of Mercedes? PEG. 19 This quote shows that Edmond has not completely lost his mind and that he is being rational about what has happened to his father and the women he wished to marry. Chi. 21 : â€Å"It is how I have said,† replied Cadaverous. But,† continued the priest, â€Å"was the unhappy old man so completely forsaken by everyone that he died such a death? † PEG. 122 This quote is questioning whether Edmonds father deserved such a death as starvation becau se the worst and vilest animals don’t even get such a death. Chi. 22: The babe rose, and twice paced around the room, pressing his trembling hand to his parched throat. And you believe he that he died of .. .† â€Å"Of hunger, monsieur, pure starvation,† said Cadaverous. PEG. 126 This quote is implying that Edmonds father was so grief stricken that he didn’t want to eat and that he was sad that his son was gone. Chi. 23: â€Å"The passage was doubtless made with a view to escape? † â€Å"Exactly, but unfortunately for the prisoners, the babe was seized with an attack of epilepsy and died. † PEG. 136 This is foreshadowing that Edmonds new ID might be compromised because it is known that he has escaped. Chi. 4: â€Å"The Pharaoh is your last hope, then? † â€Å"Absolutely the last. † PEG. 142 This quote is showing how Morel life and honor is at stake because he is in a lot of debt and if the Pharaoh doesn’t come back with t he money he needs he is going to kill himself. Chi. 25: muff are saved! You are saved! She threw herself into his arms, at the same time holding out to him a red silk purse. PEG. 153 Morel has been saved by Sinbad the Sailor by giving Morel’s daughter enough money to pay her dad’s debt in a purse. This also has saved him from killing himself. Chi. 26: mirror itinerary is impossible, or to say the least very dangerous. † â€Å"Dangerous! Why? † â€Å"Because of the bandit, Lugging Vamp. † PEG. 158 This is foreshadowing that they are going to meet up with the vile bandit Lugging Vamp. Chi. 27: â€Å"Upon my word, I think our neighbor must be some stockbroker who has speculated on the falloff Spanish funds; or else some rinse traveling incognito. † PEG. 167 Albert and Franz are excited upon meeting the Count and they know nothing about him so they are trying to figure out what he does and who he is. Chi. 8: â€Å"If my unknown be as amiable as she is beautiful,† said Albert, â€Å"l shall stay at Rome for tallest six weeks. † PEG. 176 Albert has an admirer and she has sent him a letter for which he is to meet her and if she has beauty he will stay in Rome for however long it takes. Chi. 29: â€Å"What conditions have I forgotten, Count? † inquired the bandit with the air of a m an who, having committed an error, is noxious to repair it. PEG. 187 The Count has befriended Lugging Vamp by capturing him while Lugging was trying to capture him and he let him go in return that Lugging doesn’t capture any of the Counts friends. Chi. 30: Monte Crisis passed Albert a piece of paper. â€Å"Number thirty, Champs Ulysses,† read Mercers. The young men stared at one another. PEG. 206 They are amazed at the Count because where he lives is one of the most beautiful places throughout Paris. Chi. 31 : Monte Crisis was a worthy appreciator of all things Albert had collected here: old cabinets, Japanese porcelain, Oriental tuffs, Venetian glass, weapons of all countries of the world; everything was familiar to him, and he recognized at a glance their date and country of origin. PEG. 207 The Monte Crisis is amazing Albert by knowing about every piece that Albert has collect and the Count impresses him by his knowledge. Chi. 32: â€Å"In that case, here is the card of my master, Baron Danglers,† PEG. 214 This is foreshadowing how the Count is going to start his plot for revenge against Danglers. Chi. 33: â€Å"My dappled grey? † cried out Madame Danglers, rushing to the window. Miss those are mine indeed! Danglers was astounded. PEG. 222 The Count has bought Mme Dandlers’ horses and he returns them to her to gain her trust. Chi. 34: Monte Crisis replied: â€Å"Hayden, we are in France, you know, so you are free! † PEG. 228 Now that the Count is in France his slave Hayden is free but she doesn’t want to leave him because she loves him this is foreshadowing a love between them. Chi. 35: â€Å"The last words he spoke were: ‘Macmillan, it was Edmond Dante! PEG. 235 This is foreshadowing that Macmillan is going to find out the Counts true identity because he knows it was Edmond who saved his father. How to cite The Count of Monte Cristo, Papers The Count of Monte Cristo Free Essays The movie The Count of Monte Cristo took place in France in the nineteenth century around 1814 on the islands of Elba, Chateau d’If and Monte Cristo. This was during the time after the fall of Napoleon’s empire. The Count of Monte Cristo tells a story of betrayal, ultimate revenge, and undying love. We will write a custom essay sample on The Count of Monte Cristo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Edmond Dantes, a sailor who was falsely accused of treason by his best friend was sentenced to prison where he plots his revenge against those who betrayed him. Armond Mondego the friend who out of jealousy plotted against Edmond to win the beautiful Mercedes and fortune was later destroyed by the revenge and hate of Edmond who became known as The Count of Monte Cristo. The string that Mercedes ties around her finger represents that she is bound to Edmond by undying love forever. The transformation that Edmond made in becoming The Count of Monte Cristo was the beginning to Edmond taking his life back; He became bold, dark and vengeful. Throughout the movie chess pieces are referred to as places of stature. Napoleon refers to kings and pawns as emperors and fools. When Edmond gains the position of captain of the Pharron ship Armond tells Edmond â€Å"victories are kings of the moment. † Armond hands Edmond a King as he is being arrested as a symbol to remind him of better days. In prison this chess piece is used as a reminder to Edmond of how he was betrayed and his life stripped from him. This later is returned to Mondago as his life falls apart because of the revenge from Edmond. How to cite The Count of Monte Cristo, Essay examples The Count of Monte Cristo Free Essays The Count of Monte Cristo is an adventure story primarily concerned with themes of hope, justice, vengeance, mercy and forgiveness. It focuses on a man who is wrongfully imprisoned, escapes from jail, acquires a fortune and sets about getting revenge on those responsible for his imprisonment. However, his plans have devastating consequences for the innocent as well as the guilty. We will write a custom essay sample on The Count of Monte Cristo or any similar topic only for you Order Now The movie delves on a society of conspiracy and injustices. It also revolved around between the rich and the poor people can or cannot do when it comes to influence and power. Consequently, it tells us the price we have to pay for being innocent and uneducated. Education is indeed very important for all of us. Moreover, it relates to education as the source of man’s liberation. In the beginning of the story, we meet Edmond Dantes. He comes across as a model of honesty, ability, and innocence. He is a good-hearted and God-fearing person, a sailor who had a bright future ahead at the moment he’s imprisoned: he was about to be promoted and to marry the woman he loved so dearly. But unfortunately, he has been betrayed by his own friend named, Ferdinand Mondego and later takes his fiancà © Mercedes as his own wife. Edmond Dantes was the victim of an unfortunate coincidence, because of lack of education, he doesn’t know how to read and write, thus, he wasn’t able to know what the letter is all about which was then a plan of rebellion by Bonaparte. He then was faced in a situation he never expected to come into his simple living. It tells us how important education is to our lives. It is hard to be uneducated. We need to learn for us to grow and to develop ourselves. And so, Dantes suffered too much pain at the Chateau d’If especially from his anniversaries severe punishments of ropes being hit on him on his back, and I really feel very sorry for him, as if I want to be there and prove his innocence because he really is. Inside that hell, which was called by Dantes, Edmond almost lost his trust to God. But every time he saw the carvings of the prison wall, saying â€Å"God will give me justice†, he gets his hope up. That line seems to be very inspiring and is full of encouragement, and the hope it gave keeps Edmond Dantes alive. But time comes that Edmund lost his trust to God because he waited for so long but there’s no God who came to save him. He thought that God was never there in those times he needed his companion and was never a God of justice. Hence, he never believed in God as if God never existed. Until one person made him believe in God, and that person is Abbe Faria- a priest. The priest is really like an angel sent from heaven by God. He really helped Dantes a lot. He taught Dantes how to read, write and fight and much of all knowledge the priest knew. It was really funny on the part when they practice fencing and then Dantes was hurt and he complained to the priest and the priest said â€Å"I’m a priest not a saint†. This is how Edmond becomes the Count, a man with a brilliant mind, intelligent; with possessions that grant him a new life, and starts his vengeance to those people who betrayed him and suffered him hardships in prison that even lead him to death. The story is somehow related to El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere. I noticed similarities in them: Ibarra’s abduction and imprisonment and the undying love for Maria Clara in Noli Me Tangere, and his disguise as Simoun and revenge in El Filibusterismo. Rizal must have a good time reading Alexander Dumas’ obra maestro. In this movie, I heard the most admiring line about believing in God. The priest said to Dantes, â€Å"You don’t believe in God, He believes in you†. That line was really inspiring. This reminds us that even somehow many hindrances, hardships and problems that may come and that we may encounter everyday, we must learn to stand up, have the will to survive in this kind of world that is full of trials in life and have the strength to hold on and fight for our right to have freedom. God is good indeed! How to cite The Count of Monte Cristo, Papers

Spaghetti Hydration Lab Report Sample

Spaghetti Hydration Lab Report Paper Altering the Time in Which Spaghetti is Hydrated in Boiling Water and Observing the Mass Increase Introduction Mass is defined as a body with a particular amount of matter contained within it. The mass off particular object is always stationary, but due to the gravitational pull on different surfaces, the weight of an object may change. In this investigation, I will be discussing and observing the mass increase of raw spaghetti when spaghetti is hydrated in boiling water. In each trial, the mass Of the spaghetti will be weighed initially and after being boiled. During each trial. E duration in Which the spaghetti is cooked Will change, and due to the change of time. We will be able to observe the changes of mass of the spaghetti. Aim To determine the mass increase in percentage in which raw spaghetti is re. Hydrated in boiling water for different intervals of time. Hypothesis It is predicted that the mass of the spaghetti will increase when it is cooked for a longer period of time in the boiling water. This is because as the dehydrated spaghetti gets cooked, the spaghetti will absorb the boiling water making the spaghetti increasing in mass. It is believed that when the water is boiled and the paginate is being cooked, the mass of the spaghetti will increase because tooth starch and gluten, When the spaghetti is boiled, it turns into a jelly form. The starches will dissolve the water when being cooked and the glutens/proteins becomes a soft semi-solid l, In relation to the evidence, believe that the first interval will have a percentage increase of close to 100%, because as soon as the spaghetti gets cooked, the grains have to get used to the environment, involving rapid change. However, feel that as the time increase progresses, the ending percentage compared to the initial mass will not be more than 200% because once the spaghetti has adapted to the boiling water environment, it will probably take long for the spaghettis grains to continue changing in state, meaning the mass wont rapidly increase like in the first interval. This concludes that the spaghetti Will absorb more and more water if it is kept cooking for a longer period of time. Therefore, if the spaghetti is cooked for a longer period of time, the absorbing rate would work more efficiently. We will write a custom essay sample on Spaghetti Hydration Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Spaghetti Hydration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Spaghetti Hydration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Variables Independent Variable (IV): The time in which the spaghetti is heated in the boiling water (minutes). Dependent Variable (DVD): The percentage mass increase of the paginate (Change in mass in different trials). Fixed Variables (IV): Ensuring that the amount of spaghetti used in each test remains constant. Doing this will ensure that the fixed equivalent of the spaghetti remains the same throughout, as it will be able to avoid any miscalculations with the results. This will be controlled through a balancing scale as initially in each test, the Ensuring that the temperature tot spaghetti will be weighed too specific mass. He boiling water remains constant, so if we keep the temperature of the boiling water the same throughout the experiment, the mass change will not be affected ND the results will be able to be clear and reliable We will know when the water temperature is measured up to TOXIC with the thermometer. * Ensuring that the specific type of spaghetti is used constant ly, because it the type of spaghetti is changed in each experiment, the recorded mass may be different due to the starch levels Of the particular type Of spaghetti. TO ensure this, the spaghetti in each trial will come from one particular source at all times. Procedure Apparatus Material Quantity and Features What it is used for I Sieve I standard plastic sieve Which is able to drain water I Draining the water if the spaghetti after being boiled Flat cooking stove | 1 flat stove, with enough gas for all trials To heat the boiling water in the pot for cooking the spaghetti I Metal boiling pot 1 pot, big enough to contain around 1 liter of water For boiling the water in, and for cooking the spaghetti Stopwatch 1 standard stopwatch For timing the duration in which the spaghetti is in the water Thermometer 1 standard thermometer that can withstand Measuring the temperature of the boiling water before the spaghetti gets boiled I Electronic Scale | 1 standard balancing scales For weighing the paginate initially and after the particular trials Oven mitt 2 standard oven mitts For pouring the boiling water/spaghetti into the sieve I Spaghetti 1 packet, around SC-70 grams, thin spaghetti I used for cooking and measuring the mass changes Diagram Met hod I) Prepare all the materials as indicated in the apparatus table above. 2) Gather the ingredients and draw a table for the results. The table should have the IV on the left column, and the DVD on the right column(s). 3) Gather the spaghetti, and weigh out 5 grams of spaghetti. Place the spaghetti after being weighed on a desk. 4) Pour around I liter Of sink water into the metal boiling tot and place it on the flat cooking stove. 5) Turn on the stove, and set the heating name on. Wait for the water in the boiling pot to Start bubbling at a temperature of 1000. 6) Once the boiling water reaches a temperature of around COS, place the 5 grams of spaghetti into the boiling water for 2 exact minutes. 7) Once the spaghetti as been boiled for 2 minutes, let one person use the oven mitt to pour the boiling water and spaghetti into the sieve to drain the water. ) Cool the spaghetti off using cold water, Place the spaghetti on the balancing electric scale on a napkin. 9) Record the mass number of the paginate on the results table, 10) Repeat steps 2-8 but instead of boiling the spaghetti tort 2 minutes, boil it for 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes. 11) Repeat steps 2-9 for a total of three trials. By the end of the experiment, there should be S different sets tot data with 3 trials tort each time recorded. Results Raw Data Table #1: Raw Quantitative Data Showing the Recorded Mass of the spaghetti after being cooked (C, 2, 4, 6, 8, ICC minutes) Time in which spaghetti is being cooked (minutes) I Mass of Spaghetti after cooked (grams) | 0 5. 01 4 13. 71 6110. 5 | 8 12. 101 143 Prom this graph, we can see that as the spaghetti is cooked for longer and anger periods of time, more starch dissolves into the water which indicates that the mass Of the spaghetti increases gradually. From 0-2 minutes, we can see that the mass of the spaghetti almost doubles in percentage, however after that the mass increases by small amounts. This means that if the spaghetti is cooked for a little amount of time, the mass will increase dramatically in comparison to the initial mass, but as the time increases in which the spaghetti is co oked for, the mass increases at a slow and steady pace. Table #2: Qualitative data indicating the Observations made throughout the experiment (O, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 minutes) Time in which spaghetti is cooked (minutes) I Observations and Errors I O Spaghetti is very thin and hard. It is extremely brittle and weighs a very small amount. The color is a dark yellow and it is very long in length, but short in width. | 2 | After being cooked for a short 2 minutes, the spaghetti is almost double the weight of the initial mass. The color is a little lighter, but still pretty dark. The spaghetti has obtained moisture, and has become rubbery. No errors, 4 | After being cooked for an extra 2 minutes, the spaghetti has appeared to have increased in mass by a small portion. The color of the paginate is a pale yellow and the actual spaghetti has become thicker and moister. No errors. 6 After the spaghetti had been cooked for 6 minutes, it has appeared to be somewhat pale yellow in color Now the spaghetti has absorbed even more water and stickier and has a larger width. No errors. 8 The spaghetti is now even thicker and the color has become lighter gradually. The stick y feeling is still there and the mass has increased by around 2 grams. When performing the experiment, a little bit Of spaghetti fell down the sink when draining the water by mistake which may have caused a minor but inaccurate result. 01 The spaghetti has now obtained a light-pale yellow color and it has become thicker in width. The weight has increased by almost 3 times the initial mass of the spaghetti and the spaghetti is very moist in comparison to the initial features. No errors. I After looking at this table, we can say that as the cooking time gradually increases, the spaghetti features develop more and more. The spaghetti color becomes lighter through the process, the mass steadily increases and the spaghetti becomes gains moisture. As there were limited committed errors, I can say that my results gathered here follow a particular tatter that keeps on going on. Mass tot Spaghetti After Stockades tot Spaghetti Before Cooked = % of mass increase from initial mass to final mass, e. G. 9. 15. 0 increase of mass. Calculations Formula used to calculate mass increase of the spaghetti: Time Interval 2- Time Interval 1 = % of mass increase between intervals of time. E. G. 82- mass difference between interval I and interval 2. Ormolu Used to calculate mass increase between each time interval: Table Final table showing the percentage mass increase from before the spaghetti was cooked to after and percentage increase of mass between time intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 minu tes) Time in which spaghetti is being cooked (minutes) Percentage mass increase of the spaghetti from before to after being cooked I Percentage mass increase Of the spaghetti between time intervals 2 182 1 82 | 41941121 61110 1161 8 1148 138 1 101 186 138 1 From the graph above, we can observe and indicate the percentage increases and the time intervals. Firstly, we can observe that the percentage increase from the initial mass to the final mass for each time increases higher and higher, By the end of the 10 minute test, we can see that the spaghetti percentage mass increase is almost 200% higher than the initial mass. In addition, we can observe that the time intervals percentages increase gradually as the spaghetti is cooked for longer periods of time. Graph percentage mass increase of the spaghetti from before to after being cooked (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 minutes) 10 Graph #2: Percentage mass increase of the spaghetti between time intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 minutes) Discussion Conclusion In conclusion, firstly can observe from my results that as spaghetti is cooked in boiling water for long periods of time, the mass will increase gradually. From my results, the biggest percentage increase in which when the mass increased the highest was in the interval between O and 2 minutes. This is because as the spaghetti is cooked for even a little amount of time, the mass will increase because the starches and proteins would have to get used to a different environment, which in this case, causes a rapid change which causes the spaghetti to go through a change of state, as it converts to a jelly form, In addition, could see trot my results that as the time was added in terms of cooking, the mass increased in small amounts. This concludes that the process of an increase of mass doesnt instantly occur, and it takes time tort the spaghetti to actually gain develop its mass once it has started to cook, We can finalize that as spaghetti is cooked in boiling water for longer periods of time, the percentage mass will increase, This means that as the starches of the spaghetti are agglutinated for a longer period of time, they converts from a solid, crystalline form to a liquid, soluble form. It can be declared that as the starches gelatin, the liquid basically thickens, The starch grains absorb the liquids and the spaghetti anis its mass in result to this because the grains swell up to 30 times their original sizes; This indicates that the spaghetti mass increase as it is cooked for longer periods of time. Furthermore, as spaghetti is a carbohydrate it also contains proteins. As the spaghetti is cooked in the boiling Beater, the proteins coagulated which means that the proteins convert to a thickened semi solid state Which is heavier than the initial liquid State. All Of these components contribute to why the results occurred and why the mass kept on steadily increasing. In relation between the independent variable, and the dependent arable can see very clear relationship regarding the 2 variable after performing this test. I am able to presume that as the time in which the spaghetti is being cooked increases, so does the mass of the spaghetti after being cooked. This means that as the independent variable increases, the dependent variable will always increase in response. Can additionally state that the results support my hypothesis and the reasons given were effectively shown during the experiment. Firstly, Gang claim that my hypothesis is supported by my results as the mass was always increasing as the spaghetti was being cooked for different periods of time. Also, I can see that as I described why thought my prediction would be correct with a reason involving starches and proteins, I can observe and finalize that the mass of spaghetti will regularly increase if the cooking duration is longer, Finally, in connection with my percentage, believe that my percentage predictions were nearly spot on, and again the results given were pretty much the same as the outcome which presented itself. Evaluation Reliability of the Procedure In terms of the reliability of my procedure, feel that the measuring instruments made the procedure quiet reliable but it still cannot be fully trusted ND used on a regular basis. I believe that the instruments and apparatus we were using in the procedure were used well in the description and the method was easy to follow. Also, the method could be reliable because the number of readings that wanted to use in the method was fair to get consistent results. Validity of the Procedure For the validity of the procedure and method, I believe that my procedure that wrote up for the experiment was valid. Live that it was valid because the method was successful as what wrote up clearly showed what was wished to be measured and it was easily follow able. Also, it was valid as it showed the instruments wanted to use to gather my results and the conditions of my procedure for my experiment involved fair testing, and keeping the fixed variables controlled at a constant amount. Reliability of results In terms of my results, can observe that my results are not fully reliable and are obviously not very precise. Believe that my results can be reliable to a very small extent, as my results followed a distinct pattern and were proven correct by sources such as the internet. However, feel that they are not very reliable because as we only had 80 minutes, felt that the time intervals were too long, which resulted in only one set of results. This means that my results could have been inconsistent, and if I had performed 3 full trials, I believe that I couldve obtained a clear average result that could be fully reliable. Validity of results Although my results were not reliable because not enough results were presented, however I feel that my results presented can be considered as valid. This is because the instruments and apparatus I decided to use were appropriate for measuring my final results that were presented. Also, made sure everything that labeled as a fixed variable was kept unchanged. For example, I kept the spaghetti mass initially constant by measuring the mass to 5 grams at all times With the balancing scale. This made sure that my results were valid. Precision involving the data I believe that my results were quite precise. Although my results only involved time for 1 trial. I can still say that my results were precise as they followed a distinct pattern and as I also asked my peers for their results for comparison, and can clearly state that my results were almost the identical to my peers results thus proving the fact that my results were precise in comparison and all the exults presented were very similar. Accuracy involving the data In addition, in terms of accuracy from the data that was presented, again feel that my results were accurate, This was because my results followed a straight trend. Also, after research about the growth tot mass when spaghetti is cooked and how the starches and proteins combine in the mass gain, I can state that my results were not perfectly correct because there are no correct results, but can say that the results are similar to my peers results and my results support information produced from the internet. Weaknesses and how they affected my results Although I can state that my results that were presented ever successful and my observations followed a particular pattern, I can definitely say that there avgas at least 1 or 2 weaknesses or errors that were committed during the process of the experiment. Firstly, I believe in the process of the experiment, my partner and I dropped a little spaghetti which may have affected the results somehow in the test for 8 minutes Of duration. Also, when I performed my experiment, I feel that the preparation for the cooking was not prepared very well and maybe 5-10 minutes were wasted as we did not prepare our plan Of action very well and it as considered a weakness. Improvements As there were some weaknesses and errors that occurred in the process of the investigation, I believe that there are some features and objectives that I can perform in a future lab report to make the process referred, therefore resulting in accurate and reliable results. Firstly, I believe that when we handle our materials and when we are to end a particular trial, we should always be prepared before the time would end so we will not be in a rush, and therefore not spilling any ingredients in similarity to what occurred in this particular experiment. In addition, I also believe that another improvement could he planning the action being taken and writing the method and task tot plan before the experiment in a future investigation, so no time would be lost and there will be time for the maximum amount of trials possible to gather a range of results. Further Investigation When speak about further investigation, I am giving out my ideas that could be linked for future experiments linked to this particular one.